Mental health articles

OF mental health care and mentally ill

April, 2013

Treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic condition and needs long-term commitment to its management. Cognitive behavioural therapy, advice on management, involving carers and parents and medication have all shown to be effective. Exposure and response prevention has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms. Advice to parents about how to respond to their child’s […]

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Differential diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Differential diagnosis Normal childhood ritual such as bedtime routine and collecting are not uncommon in early childhood. Symptoms of OCD can present secondary to primary depressive disorders. Children with the autistic spectrum group of disorders may present with repetitive behaviour and sometimes develop full-blown symptoms of OCD. Symptoms of OCD can be associated with schizophrenia […]

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tourette’s syndrome treatment

Tourette’s syndrome Treatment For the milder versions, explanation and reassurance to teacher, parents and the child has been shown to be sufficient. Parents benefit from contact with self-help groups. The mainstay of treatment is medication; the most commonly used ones being haloperidol, pimozid and sulpiride. Clonidine has also shown to be beneficial, particularly when Tourette’s […]

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tourettes syndrome symptoms

This condition has been recognized for over 150 years. Tourette’s syndrome affects 3–5 per 10,000 children. Prevalence is ten times greater in children than it is in adults and occurs four times more commonly in males than in females. Clinical characteristics The mean age of onset of symptoms is 7 years and the essential features […]

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Self Harm and Suicide

Suicide and deliberate self-harm Completed suicide is rare before puberty but its incidence increases during older adolescence. It is estimated that the figures for Britain are roughly five suicides per million children aged 10–14 years. The suicide rate in North America has been increasing during the last several decades and there is an excess of […]

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panic disorder diagnosis dsm

Panic disorder is classified as an anxiety disorder in DSM-IV. For panic disorder to be present, unexpected panic attacks must occur. Panic attacks are defined as ‘a discrete period of intense fear and discomfort, in which four (or more) of the following symptoms developed abruptly and reached a peak within 10 minutes (DSM-IV, APA 1994: […]

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panic disorder symptoms and characteristics

Panic attacks occur in a number of anxiety disorders and may be a response to various external situations or triggers, as in specific phobias. Where the occurrence becomes the central cause for concern, panic disorder is said to develop. Unlike other anxiety disorders, where the situations that trigger panic attacks can be easily identified, panic […]

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Characteristic features of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Characteristic features Obsessions are recurrent, intrusive thoughts, ideas or images or impulses that the person experiences as ego-dystonic and intensely distressing. One of the core characteristics of obsession in adults is that they are resisted. Resistance to obsessions and compulsions in children is, however, not always present. Common obsessions in childhood focus on contamination, harm […]

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Epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder

While there are striking similarities between the phenomenology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adults, significant differences exist in terms of gender distribution, co-morbidity, familial contribution and developmental issues. Epidemiology Roughly a third of adults have their first symptoms before the age of 15. Earlier estimates of OCD from child psychiatric clinics range from […]

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Early Childhood Emotional Behavioral Disorders

Emotional disorders of childhood The Isle of Wight studies  diagnosed anxiety disorders in 2 per cent of 10- and 11-year-olds. The most common anxiety disorders are separation anxiety, disorders of childhood, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobias and social anxiety disorders of childhood. Separation anxiety disorders Anxiety arises in response to separation from parents and other […]

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