Mental health articles
OF mental health care and mentally ill
mentally ill
Disrupted attachment disorder
Disrupted attachment disorder An additional group known as ‘disrupted attachment disorder’ refers to cases in which the child experiences the sudden loss of an attachment figure such as following death or acute separation. The child may show features of mourning, anger and rage, and be clingy towards the alternative caregiver. From Mental health articles, post […]
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Secure base distortions
Secure base distortions In this group of disorders children have developed a clear preference for a particular attachment figure but the quality of the relationship is disturbed. Four types are described by Zeanah et al. (2000): 1 Attachment disorder (AD) with self-endangerment—In this condition the infant prioritises exploration and does not check with the attachment […]
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Disorders of non-attachment
Disorders of non-attachment In these disorders the infant has not developed a clear preference for a specific attachment figure. This may occur in situations where infants have been seriously neglected or had multiple changes or carers. Two types of nonattachment are described: 1 With emotional withdrawal—In this situation the infant is emotionally withdrawn and unreactive […]
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REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER (DSM-IV)
Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) was first introduced in 1980 in DSM-III (APA, 1980) and modified in DSM-IIIR (APA, 1987) and DSM-IV (APA, 1994). DSM describes pathogenic care by primary carer as the underlying cause of the disorder and described two subtypes, ‘inhibited’ and ‘disinhibited’. RAD is characterised by disturbed social relatedness in most contexts. The […]
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attachment disorder symptoms in children
attachment disorder symptoms in children Attachment disorders are seen as generalised difficulties in relationships that may emerge from disturbed interactional patterns in the child’s primary caretaking experiences. In other words, the patterns observed reflect the infant’s current issues with attachment relationships and the way in which past relationship experiences have influenced current relationship models. Attachment […]
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Disorganised/disoriented attachment
Disorganised/disoriented attachment Infants who have experienced maltreatment or abuse at the hands of an attachment figure or whose parent is preoccupied with loss or trauma, will show signs of disturbed attachment behaviour and chronic stress. These infants may be classified as ‘disorganised’ (‘D’ pattern) in their attachment behaviours, as they do not develop an effective […]
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what is insecure attachment?
Insecure attachment Recall from earlier in this chapter that securely attached infants (‘B’ pattern) experience the carer as consistent, available and sensitive and that they are able to use the carer as a secure base from which to explore the environment. Insecurely attached infants may have experienced insensitive and/or inconsistent care and remain anxious about […]
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defining disorders of attachment
It has long been recognised that infants and children exposed to disturbed and traumatising early care may have long-term difficulties in emotional interaction and relationships. Only recently, however, have there been attempts to describe the mechanisms involved in some of the observed longer term difficulties, or to describe and classify types of attachment disorders. One […]
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object relations theory definition
object relations theory definition Object relations theory refers to a group of analytical accounts beginning with the work of Klein and Riviero (1937), which moved away from Freud’s emphasis on drives and psychological defences towards an increasing interest in relationships. Later writers, such as Fairbairn (1952), came to see ‘object seeking’, the need to form […]
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Medications for Depressive Disorders
Medications for Depressive Disorders Of all the medications for the treatment of psychiatric disorders and dysfunctions related to suicidality, I will focus solely on antidepressants, because studies consistently fi nd that affective disorders are the most common diagnoses related to suicide. There are well over 20 antidepressants currently available, only a few of which are […]
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