Mental health articles
OF mental health care and mentally ill
research report
mental disorders of variation across different
mental disorders of variation across different Types of Mental Disorders Marsella offers a slightly different perspective that accounts for variation among mental disorders. He proposes that the least cultural variation occurs in mental disorders that are the most biologically based, such as severe neurological disease, and the most cultural variation occurs in mental disorders that […]
Tags: disorder, mental, mental disorder
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Biomedical Approach about mental disorders
Biomedical Approach about mental disorders In contrast, the biomedical perspective, shared primarily by mainstream psychiatrists and psychologists, views the cause of mental disorders as physical dysfunction, such as biochemical or anatomical defects. From this standpoint, internal symptoms are the defining aspects of mental illness. Culture may influence the content of specific symptoms (e.g., the religious […]
Tags: biomedical, disorders, mental, mental disorder
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Cultural Idioms of Distress
Cultural Idioms of Distress One prevailing viewpoint, the cultural idioms of distress perspective, posited by Arthur Kleinman, Byron Good, Janis Jenkins and other medical anthropologists, suggests that mental ill ness cannot be separated from its sociocultural context. As stated by Draguns, a particular symptom only becomes an indicator of distress in its ‘‘transaction with the […]
Tags: distress
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The Schizoaffective Continuum
The Schizoaffective Continuum Although our diagnostic system treats schizophrenia and the affective disorders as unrelated diseases, there is a continuum from schizophrenia to affective disorders, patients with schizoaffective symptoms outnumber those with purely schizophrenic or purely affective symptoms. Crow concludes that ‘‘no objective genetic boundaries can be drawn’’ between predominantly affective and predominantly schizophrenic patients. […]
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Dopamine Hypothesis Catatonic Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia Dopamine Hypothesis The second major development in biological approaches to schizophrenia was the demonstration of at least some therapeutic benefit from neuroleptics or antipsychotic drugs in treating schizophrenia and the determination that it is positive rather than negative symptoms (see later for this distinction) that respond to these drugs. The therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotic […]
Tags: catatonic, dopamine, schizophrenia
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Schizophrenia Genetic Studies
The massive literature on the genetics of schizophrenia can be assimilated into a multifactorial polygenic model but cannot be made to fit a singlemajor-locus model with high penetrance. There is no clear evidence against a simple multifactorial polygenic model, but Gottesman notes the possibility of a mixed model. This model includes a small number of […]
Tags: genetic, schizophrenia
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Appetitive and Aversive Motivation in Depression
Appetitive and Aversive Motivation in Depression The constructs of appetitive and aversive motivation are central to behavioral theories of depression. Depression is viewed as associated with the activation of aversive motivation and/or a disruption of appetitive motivation, and the greater emphasis is on the disruption of appetitive motivation. Indeed, disruption of appetitive motivation is a […]
Tags: appetitive, aversive, depression, motivation
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a mechanism underlying substance abuse
Substance Abuse Major aspects of the literature on substance abuse fit particularly well with the motivational model. Although at one time it was argued that drug abuse could be attributed to physiological dependence per se, there has been a substantial move toward the view that ‘‘abuse of reinforcers’’ conveys the essence of drug abuse, either […]
Tags: abuse, mechanism, substance, substance abuse
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Competing Conceptualizations of Anxiety
Competing Conceptualizations of Anxiety In a number of papers published in the 1970s, Gray proposed a ‘‘neuropsychological theory of anxiety’’ that draws on the motivational constructs described before. This early work can best be viewed as an attempt to understand, in terms of the constructs of learning theory, the common behavioral effects of those pharmacological […]
Tags: anxiety
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Molecular Genetic Studies of Psychopathology
Molecular Genetic Studies of Psychopathology Molecular genetic studies of most major forms of psychopathology have become a major area of contemporary etiological research. Approaches to f inding genes that underlie psychiatric disorders have included both association studies of the role of specific candidate genes, as well as genome scans of anonymous DNA markers by using […]
Tags: genetic, psychopathology
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