Mental health articles

OF mental health care and mentally ill

research report

Treatment and management of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic condition and needs long-term commitment to its management. Cognitive behavioural therapy, advice on management, involving carers and parents and medication have all shown to be effective. Exposure and response prevention has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms. Advice to parents about how to respond to their child’s […]

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Characteristic features of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Characteristic features Obsessions are recurrent, intrusive thoughts, ideas or images or impulses that the person experiences as ego-dystonic and intensely distressing. One of the core characteristics of obsession in adults is that they are resisted. Resistance to obsessions and compulsions in children is, however, not always present. Common obsessions in childhood focus on contamination, harm […]

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Epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder

While there are striking similarities between the phenomenology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adults, significant differences exist in terms of gender distribution, co-morbidity, familial contribution and developmental issues. Epidemiology Roughly a third of adults have their first symptoms before the age of 15. Earlier estimates of OCD from child psychiatric clinics range from […]

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Early Childhood Emotional Behavioral Disorders

Emotional disorders of childhood The Isle of Wight studies  diagnosed anxiety disorders in 2 per cent of 10- and 11-year-olds. The most common anxiety disorders are separation anxiety, disorders of childhood, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobias and social anxiety disorders of childhood. Separation anxiety disorders Anxiety arises in response to separation from parents and other […]

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School Refusal in Teens

Teens who present with problems of school attendance represent 5 per cent of clinic referrals. The problem can present in a variety of ways including abdominal pain and headaches in the mornings before setting out for school. Onset may be abrupt in which case a precipitating factor can be found, or gradual with the teens […]

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autistic disorders diagnosis and symptoms

Autistic disorders are also known as pervasive developmental disorders. Most professionals agree that three features are essential to the diagnosis. A general and profound failure to develop social relationships; language retardation and ritualistic and compulsive behaviour. Additionally, these abnormalities should manifest themselves before 30 months. Prevalence Community surveys have found prevalence rates of two per […]

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Definition and diagnosis of Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Body dysmorphic disorder is categorized as a somatoform disorder in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV: American Psychiatric Association (APA). There are three DSM-IV criteria that must be met before a diagnosis of BDD can be made: 1There is a preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance. If a slight physical […]

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Body Dysmorphic Disorder Articles

Body dysmorphic disorder Body image has been defined as the ‘picture we have in our minds of the size, shape and form of our bodies and to our feelings concerning these characteristics and our constituent body parts’. Body image is important to everyone and can be dramatically altered following a life event (for example, facial […]

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Epidemiology of depression in the elderly

Epidemiology of depression Although there have been many attempts to examine the existence of depression in older people, accurate estimates of the prevalence of depression can be problematic due to the use of different instruments and the focus on different types of depression. Beekman et al. review of studies into the prevalence of depression in […]

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Definition and diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder is diagnostically classed as an anxiety disorder. A DSM-IV (APA 1994) diagnosis of PTSD is made after a person has been exposed to an extreme traumatic stressor involving direct personal experience of an event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self […]

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