Mental health articles

OF mental health care and mentally ill

research report

Mental health of adults with childhood abuse or adversity

Information about the long-term mental health problems of adults with experiences of child maltreatment or childhood exposure to household dysfunction is abundant. Some relevant studies include the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study (ACE). This key study documented a strong association between child abuse (l, and sexual abuse) or adversity (substance abuse, mental illness, family violence, and […]

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Medicines for the prevention of manic–depressive or bipolar disorders

Manic–depressive disorder is the only mental disorder for which there are specific medicines that can be used to prevent the illness from recurring. One of three medicines may be used: • lithium carbonate; • sodium valproate; • carbamazepine. Each of these medicines needs to be taken for a long period (usually a minimum of two […]

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Antipsychotic medicines

There are many types of antipsychotic medicines. A simple way of grouping them is: • older antipsychotics, such as chlorpromazine, thioradazine, trifluoperazine and haloperidol; • newer antipsychotics, such as olanzapine, clozapine and risperidone. As a general rule, the older drugs produce more side-effects but are much cheaper than the newer drugs. Antipsychotic drugs are used […]

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Anti-anxiety medicines

These medicines are also called ‘sleeping pills’. They include diazepam, nitrazepam, lorazepam, clonazepam, alprazolam and oxazepam. They are used to treat sleep problems and anxiety. When you prescribe these drugs, there are some points you should remember: • the patient should avoid alcohol; • avoid giving them to a woman in the last stage of […]

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Assessing someone on the telephone

Where telephones are available, people may call you for advice. In fact, this can save time for both you and the caller by avoiding unnecessary visits to the clinic. Sometimes, a person may call you with a problem that is related to mental health. Examples of such calls could be: • a person who wishes […]

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The process of ageing

There are various theories of ageing including the genetic, the cellular and the physiological. However, precisely why we age and how we age is not fully understood. From an evolutionary perspective, it can be considered that we age because our bodies exist to carry and exchange gametes – eggs and sperm which do not age […]

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Experiences of mental health services

For many people with dementia and/or depression and their families, the prospect of using formal services can be daunting. Too often, services for older people with mental health needs are criticised for being inflexible, impersonal, institutional in form and unable to provide continuity. Where good-quality services, resourced by skilled staff, do exist, these tend to […]

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People with mental health have difficulty in making decisions

People with severe mental health conditions, including dementia, may have difficulty in making and communicating decisions. Very few people are unable to be involved in making choices at all, but some may have partial or fluctuating mental capacity and may need help with communication. Pioneering work within the area of communication with older people with […]

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Case study: obsessive compulsive disorder

Sarah is a 63-year-old widow who was recently referred by her GP after he was contacted by an environmental health agency. Sarah was primarily obsessed that she would lose her wedding ring and this led her to not throw anything away (in case her ring slipped off and she couldn’t find it). She also feared […]

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Treatment efficacy: phobias

Roth and Fonagy  in their comprehensive review of anxiety disorders and ‘what works for whom?’ concluded: ‘There is little justification for using anything other than exposure treatments for specific phobias’. Undoubtedly, the most efficacy as demonstrated through randomized controlled treatment trials come from behaviour therapy using exposure and cognitive techniques. Such treatments can vary in […]

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