Mental health articles
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research report
Interpersonal changes in child development
Just as each expectant parent experiences psychological and emotional changes and challenges during pregnancy, so intimate relationships also undergo a transition in preparation for the baby’s arrival. The ability of a couple, their extended family and social network to adjust affects the amount of support the new parent receives. Lack of support from a partner […]
Tags: child
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Definitions of infant developmental risk
Risk can be defined as the probability of an event occurring, including the consideration of the losses and gains associated with it. In this context (infant development and child protection) it is not free of moral and emotional overtones. There is a high degree of uncertainty in prediction of risk in childprotection matters and inevitably […]
Tags: infant
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Attachment theory—hypotheses
Attachment theory—hypotheses Holmes (2001, p. 6) lists several hypotheses arising from attachment theory. To paraphrase here: • Universality hypothesis: In all known cultures, human infants become attached to one or more specific caregivers. • Normality hypothesis: About 70 per cent of infants become securely attached. Secure attachment is numerically and physiologically normal. • Sensitivity hypothesis: […]
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The Adult Attachment Interview
The Adult Attachment Interview More recently, Mary Main and co-workers have developed the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) protocol, a semi-structured interview that includes a series of increasingly targeted questions and prompts designed to elicit memories and representations of early attachment relationships (George, Kaplan & Main, 1996). This standardised interview undertaken with adults is transcribed and […]
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PATTERNS OF ATTACHMENT
The attachment patterns identified at 12 to 18 months of age in the Strange Situation Procedure are: B: Secure—the infant knows how to signal her needs and the parent is able and happy to meet her in a relatively consistent way. The secure pattern is characterised by a balance between attachment and exploration, and by […]
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The Strange Situation Procedure
The Strange Situation Procedure The next major impetus to the development of attachment theory was the design and implementation, by Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters and Wall (1978), of the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP): an observation of the phenomena that occur when infants are separated and then re-united with their caregivers. By careful observation of video-tape of […]
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The origins of attachment theory
The origins of attachment theory The key historical figure in the field of attachment theory is John Bowlby. Dr John Bowlby (1907–90) was a British child psychiatrist who trained as a psychoanalyst. The work that was to become attachment theory had its origins in Bowlby’s interest in ethology (the study of the behaviour of animals […]
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Attachment theory of infant
ATTACHMENT THEORY Attachment can be defined as an enduring emotional bond characterised by a tendency to seek and maintain proximity to a specific figure(s) particularly when under stress. Parental protection acts as a provider of vital support and external emotional regulation for the young child. Caregiver sensitivity and attachment are linked to subsequent social competence […]
Tags: infant
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Disturbances to early development
Disturbances to early development Developmental problems in infancy result from the complex interaction of factors in the infant, factors in the carer, factors in the infant–carer interaction and factors in the broader social environment. Risk and protective factors may be biological and/or psychosocial. They may also be acute or longstanding and vary in intensity. Understanding […]
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The biopsychosocial model of infant development
The biopsychosocial model Clinicians working with infants and their parents are often called upon to consider a range of issues from both the infant’s and the parents’ points of view. Many concerns that are presented in a clinical setting may be described in a linear way, as a straightforward problem such as ‘He won’t eat’ […]
Tags: infant
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