Mental health articles

OF mental health care and mentally ill

disorder

Dysthymic Disorder Symptoms DSM-IV

 Dysthymic disorder is very similar to depression; however the symptoms are less severe and occur over at least a two-year time period. DSM IV (APA 1994), states that for a diagnosis of dysthymia a person must have a range of symptoms, which must impair and impinge upon their daily functioning. These symptoms include a depressed […]

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general anxiety disorder symptoms

Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) results in 27% of people being referred to apsychiatrist for consultation by their general practitioner (GP). Eight per cent of patients seen in the psychiatric out-patient clinic will presentwith GAD. It is more prevalent in females than males. GAD can be acute or chronic,the latter being prevalent for a period of […]

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The classification of mental disorder

Systems for classifying mental disorder or ‘illness’ stem from the medical model, which as Tyrer and Steinberg (1998) point out is not an aetiological model itself but an approach to diagnosing individual disorder. In a general sense all models apply this process, with exception perhaps of the social model, although the systems that are used […]

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Ethnicity and mental disorder

The flow of people across continents, which is an increasingly common feature of modern life, provides a clear example of how social forces can affect a person’s mental health. Many of these people will have fled unimaginable psychological and physical pain in an attempt to find respite and asylum. This group is particularly vulnerable to […]

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What is mental disorder and models of mental disorder

Experiencing ‘mental health’ or having a ‘mental illness’ may appear as two distinct, separate states of being. Such dualistic thought may also appear advantageous. The boundary it represents provides a point of exclusion beyond which we can place our fears of the unknown. ‘Madness’ becomes distinct from ‘sanity’, and for the majority, ‘madness’ is not […]

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Bipolar affective disorder diagnosis

Recognition of a typical Bipolar affective disorder is fairly straightforward . The patient, who may have no previous history of mood disorder, presents with a signifi cant change in mood, activity and thought, which, although it might have been triggered by an identifiable life event, is clearly excessive and disproportionate. Changes may occur abruptly or […]

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Seasonal Affective Disorder Treatment Natural

Symptoms of seasonal affective disorder include typical (low mood and energy) and atypical (increased appetite and sleep) depressive features occurring together in a seasonal pattern. Estimates of prevalence of the disorder in the UK average about 2.5% of the population. A mechanism for the seasonal variation in mood may involve effects of light levels on […]

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Psychological Causes of Bipolar Disorder

Psychoanalysts view mania as an extreme defence mechanism to counter unpleasant emotional states or unacceptable impulses. Katan, for example, suggested that as periods of mania frequently follow states of depression, the conflct in mania may be of a similar nature to that in depression. People who pass from depression into mania maintain their preoccupation with […]

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Genetic Causes of Bipolar Disorder and Biological Causes of Bipolar Disorder

 Genetic Causes of Bipolar Disorder An early review of the genetics of bipolar disorder by Allenreported overall concordance rates for MZ twins of 72 per cent, while concordance rates for DZ twins averaged 14 per cent. More recently, these estimates have been reduced to 40 per cent and between 5 and 10 per cent respectively. […]

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Remedies for Seasonal Affective Disorder

The recognized treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is known as ‘bright light’ treatment which lowers levels of melatonin. In this, the individual is typically exposed to high levels of artifi cial light, varying from 2500 lux for a period of 2 hours to 10  000 lux for half an hour each day over a […]

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