Mental health articles
OF mental health care and mentally ill
disorders
autistic disorders diagnosis and symptoms
Autistic disorders are also known as pervasive developmental disorders. Most professionals agree that three features are essential to the diagnosis. A general and profound failure to develop social relationships; language retardation and ritualistic and compulsive behaviour. Additionally, these abnormalities should manifest themselves before 30 months. Prevalence Community surveys have found prevalence rates of two per […]
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Psychiatric disorders in adolescence
Psychiatric disorders in adolescence Although adolescence is often associated with a period of stress and turmoil, most adolescents manage the transition between childhood and adulthood without major problems. It is a period, however, during which there are major changes in body image, self-esteem, relationships with parents and mood. Awareness about sexual orientation and identity are […]
Tags: Adolescence, disorders, psychiatric disorders
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Classification of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders
The present system of classification for child and adolescent psychiatric disorders has focused primarily on symptomatology rather than aetiology. In child psychiatry, organic disorders in which psychiatric disorders arise secondary to physical causes are rare. Multi-axial classification takes into account different aspects of a patient’s disorder and classifies the disorder along different axes giving a […]
Tags: adolescent, child, disorders, psychiatric disorders
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A cognitive model of personality disorders
Although there are ten personality disorders (or personality types), Beck et al. attempted to develop a single, unitary, explanatory model for the development of them all. In doing so, they adopted an evolutionary perspective. They suggested that key neuro-cognitive responses, including those affecting perception, mood and behaviour, are genetically pre-programmed and that these responses may […]
Tags: disorders, personality, personality disorders
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Anxiety disorders in older adults
Anxiety disorders are as common in older adults as they are in younger populations (10–15%) with substantial numbers presenting to primary care (10–18%). There is evidence that anxiety disorders are recognised and treated even less often than depression, with the physiological symptoms (Box 15.5) being frequently over-investigated. Generalised anxiety disorder and specifi c phobias are […]
Tags: anxiety, anxiety disorders, disorders, older adults
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Classifi cation of alcohol-related disorders
Acute intoxication: at low doses, alcohol may have stimulant effects, but these give way to agitation and, ultimately, sedation at higher doses. ‘Drunkenness’ may be uncomplicated or may lead to hangover, trauma, delirium, convulsions or coma Pathological intoxication: a state in which even small quantities of alcohol produce sudden, uncharacteristic outbursts of violent behaviour Harmful […]
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Medicines for the prevention of manic–depressive or bipolar disorders
Manic–depressive disorder is the only mental disorder for which there are specific medicines that can be used to prevent the illness from recurring. One of three medicines may be used: • lithium carbonate; • sodium valproate; • carbamazepine. Each of these medicines needs to be taken for a long period (usually a minimum of two […]
Tags: bipolar disorders, disorders, manic–depressive, medicinesm
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two categories of sexual disorders
There are two categories of sexual disorders: sexual dysfunctions, which involve a problem in sexual response, and paraphilias, which involve repeated and intense sexual urges, behaviour or fantasies in response to objects or situations that society deems inappropriate. It considers problems that some people experience during the sexual act, focusing on the male problem of […]
Tags: disorders, sexual disorders
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User perspectives on mental disorders
Thus far, we have proposed a four-quadrant schema for understanding human experience and have described disordered human experience in terms of classification systems, incidence data and symptomatology. They objectify human experience into codified systems of description, including numbers. So, having proposed a four-quadrant integration we have subsequently planted our feet firmly in only one! Well, […]
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